Для цитирования:
Якимова, В. А. (2024). Концептуальные подходы к изучению партнерства в зарубежной теории экосистем. AlterEconomics, 21(4), 694–722. https://doi.org/10.31063/AlterEconomics/2024.21-4.4
Аннотация:
Теория экосистем открывает новые области исследований и объясняет поведение экономических агентов, их взаимосвязи и условия согласования интересов. Предмет исследования — партнерские отношения, возникающие между участниками экосистем. Цель статьи заключается в обзоре ключевых подходов и синтезе теоретических исследований зарубежных ученых, обогащающих теорию экосистем. В процессе исследования реализованы задачи: определить предпосылки зарождения теории экосистем и ее отличие от схожих концепций предпринимательских сообществ; раскрыть структуру и содержание основных компонентов экосистемы; исследовать мотивы формирования партнерств и сотрудничества в экосистемах; объяснить характер коопконкуренции и неформальных отношений в теории экосистем. Методологию исследования составили методы анализа содержания научных статей, синтеза положений экономических теорий, группировки, формирования экосистемных моделей. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что экосистема обладает такими уникальными свойствами, как гетерогенность, комплементарность, аффилированность, модульность, эмерджентность, коэволюция и адаптивность. Сформулированы ключевые правила комплементарности. На основе группировки мотивов вступления в партнерские отношения выделены четыре подхода: ресурсный, технологический, транзакционный, рыночный, социальный и финансовый. В ходе исследования раскрыто содержание коопконкуренции и ее определены ее особенности. Выявлены закономерности в установлении между участниками формальных и неформальных контрактов. Научную новизну составляют сформулированные теоретические подходы к выявлению мотивации партнерских отношений, раскрытые отличительные характеристики экосистем и уточненное значения коопконкуренции для развития предпринимательских структур. Полученные результаты могут применяться для создания целостной теории экосистем, определения направлений фундаментальных и прикладных исследований, верификации гипотез, сформулированных в статье. Перспективами расширения исследования являются типологизация партнерских взаимоотношений, исследование практики разрешения конфликтов в случае коопконкуренции и оценка ее влияния на разрушение или рост, изучение асимметричности партнерских отношений, выработка конкретных механизмов для согласования интересов между участниками экосистемы.
Якимова Вилена Анатольевна — доктор экономических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры финансов, Амурский государственный университет; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-5652 (Российская Федерация, 675027, г. Благовещенск, ул. Игнатьевское шоссе, 21; e-mail: vilena_yakimova@mail.ru).
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